Texas (rank #2 of 50 by population)

Data snapshot: 2026-03-27 · Population ~31.3M

1. Key organs of government

States typically divide power into executive (governor and agencies), legislative (bicameral legislature except Nebraska), and judicial (courts of last resort and lower courts). Below: statewide elected executive, each legislative chamber, and the apex court.

Executive branch: Governor; Lieutenant Governor; Attorney General; Comptroller; Agriculture Commissioner; Land Commissioner; Railroad Commission (3); Supreme Court justices (state), CCA judges — statewide elected
Texas Senate — Lieutenant Governor presides; President pro tempore · 31 seats · Republican majority (~61.3% of seats)
Texas House of Representatives — Speaker of the House · 150 seats · Republican majority (~58.7% of seats)
Supreme Court of Texas (civil) — Chief Justice · 9 seats · Partisan statewide elections (staggered 6-year terms)

2. Elected seats & majority strength

Organ / body	Total seats	Presiding / chief role	Majority party	Approx. majority seats	% of chamber
Texas Senate	31	Lieutenant Governor presides; President pro tempore	Republican	19	61.3%
Texas House of Representatives	150	Speaker of the House	Republican	88	58.7%
Supreme Court of Texas (civil)	9	Chief Justice	— (court)	—	—

Note: Majority figures are approximate snapshots; special elections can change counts. Verify on the state legislature website. Current Speaker / Senate president (or equivalent) names appear on each legislature’s leadership page, not in this static file.

3. Leader of the executive (Governor)

Office	Governor
Current officeholder	Greg Abbott (Republican)
Last general election	2022-11-08
Next general election	2026-11-03

4. Legislative elections (both chambers)

Last general	2024-11-05
Next general	2026-11-03
Note	Texas Legislature meets in odd years for regular session; legislative elections are in November of even years.

Which seats are on the ballot next?

Texas House of Representatives. All 150 seats have 2-year terms. Every seat is on the ballot in November 2026 (and in every general election in even years).
Texas Senate. Senators serve staggered 4-year terms (31 seats total). Not all Senate seats are up in the same year: about half of the chamber is elected each even-year November. In November 2026, 16 of 31 districts are on the ballot; the other 15 senators were elected in November 2024 and are next up in 2028.

5. Critical dates (typical patterns)

Regular legislative session (odd years): January–May approximately
General election: November even years